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Vincent van Gogh
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The Pin



tura



THE TOOLS

The pigments are applied to the supports by means of a series of useful that allow the painter to realize his work. The most popular elements have been the used ones in the trestle painting, that is to say the proper trestle, the linen, the brushes, the palette, the spatulas, etc.

The trestle is the instrument of work that takes as a purpose to support the picture in vertical while it is making itself up. There are many trestle models.

The palette is, along with the trestle, one of the most popular elements. It is a question of a table with a hole for the thumb, where the painters distribute the colors that they use in the painting. Traditionally there has been of wood, although in the last decades light aluminum palettes have been used lacquer, of glass, of china, etc. On them the tones are distributed following a chromatic scale, and in his center the necessary miscellanies are realized.

The brush is the tool that the painter uses to extend the painting on the pictorial support. It is possible to help also for paintbrushes or spatulas

The spatula is used to mix the pigments and to agglutinate, although also it is possible to use like help of the brush to extend the painting in the linen, to outline and to scrape.

The feeling is firm wooden pole of long interval, light and, that supporting it with the left hand serves to support the arm and to assure the pulse of the right hand in the meticulous precision works and


The paintings box is a traditional element inside the tools of the painter. It serves to keep and to preserve the pipes of paintings, the brushes, the spatulas, the varnish pots, etc. In fact this box has a certain sense when the painting is practised outdoors, but not when one is employed at a workshop, although he has recognized it after himself as one of the symbols of the painters

But, in addition to these tools that are the most representative and most symbolic of the painter, depending on the skills that are used more precise others are needed and, certainly, much less popular.

In supports like the parchment, the role, the papyrus or the silks, elements are used like the pens, generally of goose, to write or to draw outlines, although also they were used of hen or pigeon, according to the size; brushes to do, that were doing of hair of tail of marten sable to themselves or of squirrel; lead pencils to do the drawing, which was consisting of a wooden rod with a metallic end (alloy of two parts of lead and one of tin). To erase it was used breadcrumb, although also the error could be scraped with certain special choppers that had diverse uses, like cutting the breads of gold and silver, the sheets of paper of the parchments, extracting top to the pencils, etc. They were possessing inkwells with already prepared red and black ink. Also there were used the square, rules or the compass, as well as filters to clarify liquids and mortars of calcareous or serpentine marble to crush colors or to do miscellanies. They were provided also with objects of diverse type to keep the elaborated products (pitchers, bottles, etc.), bruñidores for the gold and the silver, and an endless number of useful accessories for all the necessary tasks that it was necessary to carry out. The work was done in the scriptoria or the desks fundamentally in the manuscripts lighting.


TIES

PICTORIAL SKILLS

Jesting (Hans Memling).Oleo on table. Museum Thyssen-Bornemisza (Madrid / Spain)

continuaciòn there are related the principal pictorial skills that have been applied in the history and are used at present.

  • Painting to the water:
    The one that is done on role support and with colors that are diluted in water. The colors are transparent and they can be applied superposing several layers.

  • Painting to the encausto:
    The one that is done by colors mixed with wax and is applied when it is still warm.

    Ignudo in the Chapel Sixtina for Miguel Angel, Italy, 1475-1564

  • Painting to the fresh air:
    The one that is done on walls and roofs using colors dissolved in water of lime and extended on a layer of fresh stucco.

  • Oil painting:
    The one that is done by colors dissolved in drying oil.

  • Painting to the cake:
    The one that is done on role with soft and doughy pencils, of soft tonalities.

  • Tempera:
    The one that is done by colors prepared with certain glutinous and warm liquids, like the water of tail.

  • Painting cerífica:
    Done to the encausto with wax of different colors.

  • Miniature painting:
    Realized in the books miniados.

  • Wall painting:
    Painting that is realized straight on the walls or architectural panels; it has decorative ends.


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